Abstract Detail

Abstract

Activated carbon, is a form of carbon having large number of small pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption. Activated carbon is a porous carbon material, having amorphous/crystalline, ordered and disordered carbon structure, used for different applications starting from air cleaning filters, removing poisonous heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions and water treatment to high performance energy storage devices like super capacitors, batteries and fuel cells etc. Activated carbon has been successfully derived from coal, different organic waste and many lignocellulosic biomass and its waste. Activated carbon is produced by both physical activation method and chemical activation method. Physical activation has two-steps i.e., carbonization of raw material at low temperature and then it’s activation with air, steam or Carbon Dioxide at high temperature whereas chemical activation is a single step process of chemical impregnation and carbonization. Chemical activation is preferred over physical activation as it has single activation step, lower activation temperature, more yield and better porous structure. Lignocellulosic mass derived activated carbon has enormous applications related to adsorption of heavy metal ions, dyes, volatile organic compounds, gas storage. This highly porous carbon material is called as the universal adsorbent. It is used in almost every industry like water treatment, air purification, gold purification, pharmacy industry, food industry, automobile industry etc. Electro-chemical applications of biomass derived activated carbon in energy storage devices is one of the most emerging applications. Biomass derived activated carbon are used as electrodes for energy storage devices like high power density supercapacitors and high energy density Lithium/Sodium ion batteries.

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