Speakers - 2026

Title: Laboratory validation of chlorine dose effect on disinfection by products formation in water distribution networks

Abstract

Safe drinking water is essential for human health, yet the formation of chlorination disinfection by-products in distribution systems remains a concern. This study examines the occurrence of two major disinfection by-products, Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Trihaloacetic Acids (THAAs), in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and galvanized iron (G.I.) pipes under controlled laboratory conditions. A small-scale laboratory distribution model was developed to represent real field water supply networks. Different chlorine dosages were applied to evaluate how pipe material and chlorine concentration influence the formation of THMs and THAAs. Identification and quantification of these by-products were carried out using gas chromatography with electron capture detection and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The study highlights how operational factors and pipe characteristics affect DBP formation within distribution systems. The findings provide practical insight into controlling these by-products and support improved strategies for delivering safer drinking water through optimized chlorination practices in distribution networks.